Gynecological chronic graft-versus-host disease: screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Brazilian Society of Cell Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation consensus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46765/2675-374X.2025v7n1e340Keywords:
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation, Chronic graft-versus-host disease, Female genitals, Human papilloma virus, Late follow-up, TreatmentAbstract
Objectives: To provide an updated review of the diagnosis, preventive measures, screening, and treatment of genital involvement in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in January 2026. Results: The review addresses risk factors, clinical manifestations and classification, preventive strategies, and the treatment of both acute manifestations and late complications of genital cGVHD. Conclusion: Genital cGVHD is a common complication among women undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), with varying degrees of severity. We recommend gynecological follow-up for patients of all ages, beginning in the pre-transplant period, including educational and preventive measures as well as counseling on warning signs to enable early diagnosis and prompt treatment of genital cGVHD, thereby preventing long-term sequelae.
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