Acute liver failure as an initial presentation of multiple myeloma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46765/2675-374X.2025v7n1e344Keywords:
Multiple myeloma, Monoclonal gammopathy, Acute liver failure, Jaundice, AnemiaAbstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm primarily involving the bone marrow and typically presenting with end-organ damage, including renal impairment, lytic bone lesions, anemia, and hypercalcemia. Extramedullary disease at diagnosis is uncommon, and acute liver failure as an initial manifestation is exceptionally rare; consequently, only a limited number of cases have been reported. We describe a 44-year-old woman with no relevant past medical history who was admitted to the intensive care unit with acute liver failure. After an extensive diagnostic work-up, MM with hepatic involvement was identified, and treatment was initiated promptly. Recognition of this unusual presentation is critical given its adverse prognosis, and reporting additional cases may help improve awareness and facilitate earlier diagnosis and management.
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